The Microbial Signal Transduction database (MiST, ) was used to locate the HK/RR genes inside the S. Following a profound inspection by bioinformatic analysis using available web tools we were able to identify new putative bacteriocin maturation patchways in the S. mutans UA159 genome to detect new putative bacteriocin-encoding genes (GenBank: AE014133). Based on the conserved organisation of bacteriocin biosynthesis operon, we screened the genomic context of the HK/RR genes found in the S. Our research group is interested in the discovery of new antibacterial compounds produced by Streptococcus mutans and named mutacins. Open reading frame detection and identification coding for short peptides including bacteriocin precursors inside genomes is generally recognised as difficult to perform. However, such tool build on well-known bacteriocins characteristics may overlook detection of new type of bacteriocins as bacteriocins detect by Haft methodoly are not found using BAGEL2. Furthermore, a very powerful tool for direct discovery of bacteriocins inside genomic data have been recently develop. Recently many research teams have bring to light existence of new type of bacteriocins using this strategy. The growing of genomic data makes the detection of new bacteriocin peptides possible by using an in silico screening strategy and precise computational analyses. Such method is limited and time-consuming regarding the culture condition for bacteriocin production with the indicator strains used. ĭiscovery of new bacteriocins traditionally rest upon functionnal assays based on the inhibition of specific target bacteria. The inducer can be either the bacteriocin itself or a bacteriocin-like peptide. The expression of the bacteriocin gene cluster is under the control of a two-component signal transduction system (TCS) composed of an histidine kinase (HK) and its associated response regulator (RR) that are usually part of the cluster. Typical bacteriocin biosynthesis operons are usually organised as a cluster of genes comprising the prepropeptide coding gene associated with genes for exportation and maturation (ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter and sometimes combined to a specific protease), genes conferring immunity to the inhibitory activity to prevent self-killing and occasionally genes involved in regulation of the production of the bacteriocin. Lantibiotic_class I and non-lantibiotic_class II bacteriocins display great diversity with regard to their structures, modes of action, and genetic determinants. To date, the bacteriocins produced by Gram positive bacteria are grouped in two major classes but four classes are also proposed. Bacteriocins acted on sensitive cells by punching pores in their membrane. In this way bacteriocins which are small antibacterial ribosomally synthetized peptides produced by bacteria represent promising candidates. The increasing resistance of bacteria to antibiotics motives researches for new antimicrobial compounds.
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